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Edward Goodrich Acheson

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Edward G. Acheson
Born(1856-03-09)March 9, 1856
Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
DiedJuly 6, 1931(1931-07-06) (aged 75)
New York City, USA
NationalityAmerican
Known forsilicon carbide
AwardsJohn Scott Medal (1894)
John Scott Medal (1901)
Perkin Medal (1910)
Edward Goodrich Acheson Award (1929)

Edward Goodrich Acheson (March 9, 1856 – July 6, 1931) was an American chemist.[1] Born in Washington, Pennsylvania, he was the inventor of the Acheson process, which is still used to make silicon carbide (carborundum)[2][3] and later a manufacturer of carborundum and graphite.

Biography

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Edward G. Acheson House in Monongahela, Pennsylvania
Historical marker for the birthplace of Edward Acheson in Washington, Pennsylvania

Acheson (1856–1931) was raised in the coal fields of southwestern Pennsylvania. Acheson attended the Bellefonte Academy for three years, 1870–72; this being the totality of his formal education. [4] He left school at the age of 16 to help support his family after his father died, and worked as a surveying assistant for the Pittsburgh Southern Railroad.[5]

He devoted his evenings to scientific pursuits—primarily electrical experiments. In 1880, he had the temerity to attempt to sell a battery of his own invention to Thomas Edison and wound up being hired. Edison put him to work on September 12, 1880, at his Menlo Park, New Jersey laboratory under John Kruesi. Acheson experimented on making a conducting carbon that Edison could use in his electric light bulbs.[6][7]

In 1881, he was sent to the International Exposition of Electricity in Paris,[8] as part of the team led by Charles Batchelor, and he remained in Europe in 1882 to install demonstrations of the Edison system of electrical lighting in Antwerp City Hall in Belgium and in La Scala in Milan,[9] among other public places.

In 1884, Acheson left Edison and became supervisor at a plant competing to manufacture electric lamps. He began working on the development of methods to produce artificial diamond in an electric furnace. After heating a mixture of clay and coke in an iron bowl with a carbon arc light he found shiny, hexagonal crystals (silicon carbide) attached to the carbon electrode. He called it carborundum.

In 1891, Acheson built an electricity plant in Port Huron, Michigan, at the suggestion of Edison and used the electricity to experiment with carborundum.

On February 28, 1893, he received a patent on this highly effective abrasive although a 1900 decision gave "priority broadly" to the Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company "for reducing ores and other substances by the incandescent method".[10]

Acheson received 70 patents relating to abrasives, graphite products, reduction of oxides, and refractories. He was awarded the first Acheson Award, named in his honour, by the Electrochemical Society in 1931. [11]

He died on July 6, 1931, in New York City.

Recognition

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In 1953, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission installed a historical marker outside his home, noting the historic importance of his achievements.[12] In 1997, Acheson was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.[13] His house, the Edward G. Acheson House in Monongahela, Pennsylvania is a National Historic Landmark.[14]

As one of The Electrochemical Society's most prestigious members, the organization presents an award in his name every two years to distinguish contributions to the advancement of any of the objects, purposes, or activities of the Society.[15]

Notes

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Edward Goodrich Acheson.
  1. ^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 6
  2. ^ Weimer, A.W. (1997). Carbide, Nitride and Boride Materials Synthesis and Processing. London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 115–122. ISBN 0-412-54060-6.
  3. ^ Edward Goodrich Acheson – Carborundum
  4. ^ Bellefonte Academy: Notable Alumni Archived 2012-07-01 at archive.today
  5. ^ "Dr. Acheson Dies; Eminent Scientist, Discoverer of Carborumdum". The New York Times. 7 July 1931. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  6. ^ "Edward Goodrich Acheson". Science History Institute. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  7. ^ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997). "Edward Goodrich Acheson". Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780941901123.
  8. ^ "Acheson, Edward Goodrich". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 1 (14 ed.). 1930. p. 121.
  9. ^ Anna Guagnini, "A Bold Leap into Electric Light: The Creation of the Società Italiana Edison, 1880–1886", History of Technology, 32: special issue Italian Technology from the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century, edited by Anna Guagnini and Luca Molà (2014), p. 160.
  10. ^ Mabery, Charles F. (1900). "Notes, On Carborundum". Journal of the American Chemical Society. XXII (Part II): 706–707. doi:10.1021/ja02048a014. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
  11. ^ "Edward Goodrich Acheson Award Recipients". Electrochemical Society. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  12. ^ "Edward Acheson - PHMC Historical Markers". Historical Marker Database. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  13. ^ National Inventors Hall of Fame Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Edward G. Acheson House". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  15. ^ "ECS Society Awards". The Electrochemical Society.

Further reading

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