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Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

Coordinates: 40°50′29″N 73°56′28″W / 40.841519°N 73.941139°W / 40.841519; -73.941139
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Columbia University
Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
School seal
TypePrivate medical school
Established1767; 257 years ago (1767)
Parent institution
Columbia University
Endowment$1.136 billion[1]
DeanKatrina Armstrong
Academic staff
4,300
StudentsTotals: 1,520
606 M.D.
94 M.D./Ph.D.
776 Ph.D.
Location
Manhattan
,
New York
,
United States

40°50′29″N 73°56′28″W / 40.841519°N 73.941139°W / 40.841519; -73.941139
CampusUrban
Websiteps.columbia.edu Edit this at Wikidata

The Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (officially known as Columbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons[2]) is the medical school of Columbia University, located at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan.

Founded in 1767 by Samuel Bard as the medical department of King's College (now Columbia University), the College of Physicians and Surgeons was the first medical school in the Thirteen Colonies to award the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. Beginning in 1993, the College of Physicians and Surgeons was also the first U.S. medical school to hold a white coat ceremony.[3] Following a gift of $250 million from Roy and Diana Vagelos in 2017, the school became the first medical school in the nation to replace loans with scholarships for all students who qualify for financial aid when it did so in 2018.[4]

Columbia is affiliated with NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. Students additionally rotate through its affiliate hospitals: Harlem Hospital Center; Stamford Hospital in Stamford, CT; and Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital in Cooperstown, NY.

History

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Colonial years

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In 1767, Dr. Samuel Bard, an alumnus of then-King's College and the University of Edinburgh Medical School, opened a medical school at Columbia.[5][6][7][8] At the time, the medical program at King's College was the first to open in the Province of New York and only the second to be opened in the American Colonies. The school was modelled on the University of Edinburgh Medical School, which at the time was the world leader. Three years later, in 1770, King's College conferred its first medical degree to Robert Tucker, this would prove to be the first Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) awarded in the Thirteen Colonies. Prior to King's College of Medicine offering of the M.D. degree, other American and Canadian medical schools had been offering the Bachelor of Medicine degree. King's College continued to educate young doctors until 1776 when the school was forced to close due to the onset of the Revolutionary War and the occupation of New York by British soldiers. King's College remained closed until 1784 when the school was reopened as Columbia College and in December of that year, the faculty of the medical school were re-instated. In 1791, Bard, now a prominent colonial physician whom George Washington credited with saving his life, was named dean of the medical school.

The original entrance to the college
Bard Hall

Merger with the College of Physicians and Surgeons

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In 1807, with a growing young nation in need of adequately trained physicians, the New York State Board of Regents founded, under separate charter, the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Merely four years later, in 1811, Dr. Samuel Bard, dean of Columbia University Medical School, became president of the college. The year 1814 then saw the merger of Columbia University Medical School into the College of Physicians and Surgeons, a move that was made in an attempt to reverse what then was perceived as a period of decline for the medical school.

437 West 59th Street in 1893

Despite this merger, the College of Physicians and Surgeons retained its independence from Columbia and it was only in 1860 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at that time occupying buildings across West Fifty-ninth Street from the Roosevelt Hospital (its major teaching hospital at the time), after severing its ties to the New York Board of Regents and through agreement between the trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia, became the official medical school of Columbia University. This new relationship between the college and Columbia was minimal at best, however, with the college retaining independence from Columbia. It was not until 1891 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons would be fully integrated and incorporated into Columbia. In 1886, the Sloane Maternity Hospital, later the Sloane Hospital for Women, was founded as part of Physicians and Surgeons.

Medical Center Formation

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In 1911, Columbia University entered into a "Formal Agreement of Alliance" with Presbyterian Hospital, a hospital founded in 1868 by James Lenox a New York philanthropist. It was this alliance, initiated by philanthropist Edward Harkness, that helped to pave the way for the creation of a new medical center format. In 1928, the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center opened its doors in a building largely funded by Harkness. Set on land in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center was the first place in the world to provide facilities for patient care, medical education, and research all under one roof. It was the first academic medical center and pioneered the practice of combining medical training with patient care. Included in this project with Presbyterian Hospital were the Babies Hospital, the Neurologic Institute of New York, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute; these were then joined in 1950 by the New York Orthopaedic Hospital.

In 1997, the Presbyterian Hospital merged with New York Hospital (partner of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University) to form the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.[9] This new hospital system incorporated many of the satellite hospitals and affiliated programs of these two institutions. While the two medical schools remain independent of one another, there has been significant cross-fertilization between the two campuses, leading to increasing numbers of shared research experiences and training programs. All hospitals in the NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System are affiliated with either the Cornell or Columbia medical schools.

Renaming

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At the 2017 Crown Awards, President Lee Bollinger announced that the school would officially be renamed as the Columbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.[10][11][12] This decision was made in response to a gift of $250 million from Dr. P. Roy and Diana Vagelos.[13] $150 million of the gift, was dedicated to endow a fund to help Columbia eliminate student loans for medical students who qualify for financial aid.[13] The remaining $100 million will be divided equally to support precision medicine programs and basic science research as well as an endowed professorship in the Department of Medicine in honor of the Vagelos family's longtime doctor and friend, Thomas P. Jacobs, MD.[14]

Academics

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Beginning in the fall of 2009, the medical school implemented a new curriculum that differed markedly from more traditional structures. The largest change involved a reduction in the number of preclinical months from twenty-four to eighteen and the expansion of the electives and selectives period to fourteen months.[15] Each student now is required to spend four to ten months working on a scholarly project before graduation.[16]

Campus

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Situated on land overlooking the Hudson River and separated from Columbia's undergraduate campus in Morningside Heights by approximately fifty blocks and the neighborhood of Harlem, the Columbia University Medical Center has its own unique standing and identity. The campus comprises not only the College of Physicians and Surgeons, but also the College of Dental Medicine (formerly the School of Dental and Oral Surgery), the School of Nursing, the Mailman School of Public Health, the Presbyterian portion of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (including the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital) and the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Affiliated hospitals include Harlem Hospital, Stamford Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut, and Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital in Cooperstown, New York. In August 2016 the Roy and Diana Vagelos Education Center, new 100,000-square-foot, 14-story glass medical education tower opened at 104 Haven Avenue, between 171st and 172nd Streets, near the northern tip of the campus. Housing options on Columbia's Medical Campus include Bard Hall and the Bard-Haven Towers, a complex of three, 31-story apartment buildings overlooking the Hudson River and the George Washington Bridge. Students are guaranteed housing on campus all years, although many students choose to live in other parts of New York City.

Student life

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Aerial view of the Columbia University Medical Center

P&S Club

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There are student clubs covering a range of professional and personal interests, all of which fall under the umbrella of the P&S Club. One unusual element is the Bard Hall Players, a theatrical group entirely run by the students of the medical campus, and one of the largest and most active medical school theater groups in the country. They perform a musical and two plays each year. Founded over a century ago by John Mott, the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize recipient, the P&S Club serves to support and provide activities and organizations for the enrichment of the lives of the College of Physicians and Surgeons students. The P&S Club is well known for its humanitarian aims; most notably the 1917 purchase of a steam launch delivered to Sir William Grenfell, a physician living in Labrador. This launch was used to deliver medical services to the Inuit and First Nations fishermen living on the islands of the Labrador coast and frequently, was crewed by P&S students.[citation needed]

Prominent faculty

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Prominent faculty members include Nobel Prize laureates Richard Axel, Eric Kandel, and Joachim Frank; author Oliver Sacks; 2011 Pulitzer Prize winner for nonfiction Siddhartha Mukherjee; and Rudolph Leibel whose co-discovery of the hormone leptin, and cloning of the leptin and leptin receptor genes, has had a major role in the area of understanding human obesity.[17][18] Jean C. Emond, Thomas S. Zimmer Professor of Surgery, participated in the first living-donor liver transplantation in children in North America[19] and established the liver transplant program at Columbia, which has become one of the largest in the United States.[20] Joshua Sonett, Professor of Clinical Surgery, performed chest surgery on former President Bill Clinton in 2005.[21]

Notable alumni

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Main category: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni

Medical innovators

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Nobel laureates

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Writers

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Others

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Other alumni include astronaut Story Musgrave, Olympic champion Jenny Thompson (twelve medals, including eight gold medals), former Afghan prime minister Abdul Zahir, mayor of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, California (2006–) Don Kurth, and philanthropists Theodore K. Lawless and Jean Shafiroff. George Fletcher Chandler served with the US Army Medical Corps and practiced as a physician and surgeon throughout New York in addition to organizing and serving as the first Superintendent of the New York State Police. Charles W. Berry was New York City Comptroller.

Serb politician and accused war criminal Radovan Karadžić studied at Columbia for a year. Former NBA player Mark Pope attended P&S, but left to coach college basketball.

Megumi Yamaguchi Shinoda was the first Asian American woman to graduate from P&S and one of the first women of Japanese ancestry in the United States to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree.[28][29]

John L. Leal's application of chlorine disinfection technology and his defense of the chemical's use, contributed significantly to the eradication of typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases in the U.S.

Robert Ernest Noble, who received his M.D. in 1899 was a U.S. Army medical officer who researched causes and treatments for yellow fever and malaria during construction of the Panama Canal.[30] After his service in France during World War I, he was the longtime director of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office.[31]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Facts & Statistics (2010) | College of Physicians and Surgeons". Ps.columbia.edu. December 15, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  2. ^ "College of Physicians and Surgeons Named for Roy and Diana Vagelos | Office of the President". president.columbia.edu. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
  3. ^ "White Coat Ceremony '10 | Columbia University Medical Center". Cumc.columbia.edu. September 13, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  4. ^ "Columbia Launches Scholarship Program to Eliminate Medical School Loans for Students with Financial Need". April 11, 2018.
  5. ^ "Columbia University Taking Medical School Founder Samuel Bard's Name Off Campus Dorm Due To Slave-Owning Past". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  6. ^ Wortsman, Peter (April 9, 2019). The Caring Heirs of Doctor Samuel Bard: Profiles of Selected Distinguished Graduates of Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54932-5.
  7. ^ O'Neill, Emma (January 14, 2016). "How the Scots built: New York". The Scotsman.
  8. ^ Anderson, Marynita; Nolosco, Marynita Anderson (2004). Physician Heal Thyself: Medical Practitioners of Eighteenth-century New York. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-2580-1.
  9. ^ "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell | Weill Cornell Medicine Samuel J. Wood Library". library.weill.cornell.edu. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  10. ^ Cain, Áine. "A former big pharma CEO donated $250 million to Columbia Medical School to help eliminate student loans". Business Insider. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  11. ^ Bhakta, Alisa (December 10, 2017). "Two well-known Penn donors just gifted $250 million to Columbia's medical school". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  12. ^ Karon, Paul. "A Big Gift to Barnard College Highlights Need and Opportunity to Support Women in STEM". Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Otterman, Sharon (December 4, 2017). "With $250 Million Gift, Columbia Medical School Looks to End Student Debt". The New York Times. p. A21. ISSN 0362-4331.
  14. ^ "Thomas Jacobs obituary". The New York Times. April 20, 2019. Retrieved October 24, 2019 – via Legacy.com.
  15. ^ "Top Medical Schools React to Harvard's Curriculum Change | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  16. ^ "The Columbia Curriculum". January 23, 2018.
  17. ^ Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 4: On the Cutting Edge". The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-1422352434.
  18. ^ Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 5: Hunger". The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-1422352434.
  19. ^ CUMC LiverMD 2007.
  20. ^ CUMC Immunology 2007.
  21. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (March 11, 2005). "Clinton's 4-Hour Surgery Went Well, Doctors Say". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  22. ^ The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2013 Archived September 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Crafoord Prize. Press Release. January 17, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  23. ^ "Paul Stelzer". The American Association for Thoracic Surgery | AATS. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  24. ^ "Dr. Paul Stelzer MD". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  25. ^ Ali, Ayaan. "Columbia medical school receives historic $400 million gift from Roy and Diana Vagelos". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  26. ^ Grauer, Neil A. (February 4, 2021). "Defanging the 'Rattlesnake'". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  27. ^ "History of Medicine: Whipple's Improvised Breakthrough | Columbia Surgery". columbiasurgery.org. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  28. ^ "Megumi Shinoda: First Asian American Female Graduate". Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. May 31, 2023. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
  29. ^ "Celebrating the Women Who Did It First". Barnard College. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
  30. ^ Hobson, Sarah, ed. (December 1918). "Biographical Summary, Robert E. Noble". Journal of the American Institute of Homœopathy. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Homeopathy. p. 591 – via Google Books.
  31. ^ Hobson, p. 591.
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