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Berkshire County, Massachusetts

Coordinates: 42°22′N 73°13′W / 42.37°N 73.21°W / 42.37; -73.21
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"Berkshire County" redirects here. For the Royal County of Berkshire in England, see Berkshire.

Berkshire County
County
Berkshire County Courthouse
Berkshire County Courthouse
Flag of Berkshire County
Flag
Official seal of Berkshire County
Seal
Motto(s): 
Firmus et Paratus
(Latin "Steadfast and Ready")
Map of Massachusetts highlighting Berkshire County
Location within the U.S. state of Massachusetts
Map of the United States highlighting Massachusetts
Massachusetts's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°23′46″N 73°12′36″W / 42.39613°N 73.209892°W / 42.39613; -73.209892
Country United States
State Massachusetts
FoundedApril 24, 1761
Named forBerkshire, England
SeatPittsfield
Largest cityPittsfield
Area
 • Total946 sq mi (2,450 km2)
 • Land927 sq mi (2,400 km2)
 • Water20 sq mi (50 km2)  2.1%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total129,026 Decrease
 • Density140/sq mi (50/km2)
DemonymBerkshirite[1]
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district1st
Bash Bish Falls, in the Taconic Range, Appalachian Mountains
The Berkshire Hills, part of the Appalachian Mountains, in winter

Berkshire County (pronounced /ˈbɜːrkʃər/) is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,026.[2] Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield.[3] The county was founded in 1761.[4] The Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County. Residents are known as Berkshirites. It exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government, with the exception of the retirement board for former county workers, and certain offices such as the sheriff and registry of deeds.

Law and government

[edit]

Of the fourteen Massachusetts counties, Berkshire County is one of eight that exists today only as a historical geographic region; it has limited county government. Berkshire County government was abolished effective July 1, 2000. Most former county functions were assumed by state agencies, and there is no county council or commission.[5] The sheriff became a Commonwealth employee, but remains locally elected to perform duties within the county region and retains administrative and operational control over the Berkshire Sheriff's Office, an independent state agency created after the county government was abolished. The Berkshire Sheriff's Office runs the county jail and house of correction.[5]

Local communities were granted the right to form their own regional compacts for sharing services, and the towns of Berkshire County have formed such a regional compact known as the Berkshire Regional Planning Commission.

Berkshire County has three Registry of Deeds Districts, one for each district.

County government: Berkshire County
Clerk of Courts: Deborah S. Capeless
District Attorney: Timothy Shugrue
Register of Deeds: Maria T. Ziemba[6] (Northern District at Adams)
Patsy Harris (Middle District at Pittsfield)
Michelle Laramee-Jenny (Southern District at Great Barrington)
Register of Probate: Anthony Patella
County Sheriff: Thomas Bowler
State government
State Representative(s): 3 Representatives: [1]
John Barrett III (D), First Berkshire
Tricia Farley-Bouvier (D), Second Berkshire
William Smitty Pignatelli (D), Third Berkshire
State Senator(s): 1 Senator: [2]
Paul Mark (D)
Governor's Councilor(s): Tara Jacobs (D) - District 8
Federal government
U.S. Representative(s): Richard Neal (D-1st District)
U.S. Senators: Elizabeth Warren (D), Ed Markey (D)

Berkshire County is in the Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, a primarily rural district that makes up most of Western Massachusetts.

Berkshire County has three districts and elected Representatives in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

  • First Berkshire. – Consisting of the towns of Adams, Cheshire, Clarksburg, Florida, Hancock, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, New Ashford, North Adams, Peru, Savoy, Williamstown, and Windsor, all in the county of Berkshire. John Barrett III(D) is the current Representative.
  • Second Berkshire. – Consisting of the city of Pittsfield in the county of Berkshire. Tricia Farley-Bouvier (D) is the current Representative.
  • Third Berkshire. – Consisting of the towns of Alford, Becket, Dalton, Egremont, Great Barrington, Lee, Lenox, Monterey, Mount Washington, New Marlborough, Otis, Richmond, Sandisfield, Sheffield, Stockbridge, Tyringham, Washington, and West Stockbridge, all in the county of Berkshire. William Smitty Pignatelli (D) is the current Representative.

Berkshire County comprises only part of one district for the Massachusetts Senate due to its low population. The district consists of all 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County as well as the following 25 communities: Ashfield, Buckland, Charlemont, Colrain, Conway, Hawley, Heath, Monroe, Shelburne, Rowe and Whately, in the county of Franklin; Blandford, Chester, Granville, Southwick, and Tolland in the county of Hampden; Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Huntington, Middlefield, Plainfield, Westhampton, Williamsburg and Worthington, in the county of Hampshire. Paul Mark (D) is the current Senator.

The Massachusetts Governor's Council, also known as the Executive Council, is composed of eight individuals elected from districts, and the Lt. Governor who serves ex officio. The eight councillors are elected from their respective districts every two years. Berkshire County is part of the 8th District.

The Council generally meets at noon on Wednesdays in its State House Chamber, next to the Governor's Office, to act on issues such as payments from the state treasury, criminal pardons and commutations, and approval of gubernatorial appointments such as judges, notaries and justices of the peace.

See also the League of Women Voters of Massachusetts former page on counties (more detailed and with map) and its current page on counties (also useful).

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 946 square miles (2,450 km2) of which 927 square miles (2,400 km2) is land and 20 square miles (52 km2) (2.1%) is water.[7] It is the second-largest county in Massachusetts by land area. The highest natural point in Massachusetts, Mount Greylock at 3,492 feet (1,064 m), is in Berkshire County.

Berkshire County is one of two Massachusetts counties that borders three neighboring states (Vermont, New York and Connecticut); the other is Worcester County. The two counties are also the only ones to touch both the northern and southern state lines.

Running north-south through the county are the Hoosac Range of the Berkshire Hills in the eastern part of the county and the Taconic Mountains in the western part of the county. Due to their elevation, the Berkshires attract tourists and summer residents eager to escape the heat of the lowlands.

Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179030,263—
180033,88512.0%
181035,9076.0%
182035,720−0.5%
183037,8355.9%
184041,74510.3%
185049,59118.8%
186055,12011.1%
187064,82717.6%
188069,0326.5%
189081,10817.5%
190095,66718.0%
1910105,25910.0%
1920113,0337.4%
1930120,7006.8%
1940122,2731.3%
1950132,9668.7%
1960142,1356.9%
1970149,4025.1%
1980145,110−2.9%
1990139,352−4.0%
2000134,953−3.2%
2010131,219−2.8%
2020129,026−1.7%
2023 (est.)126,818[8]−1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790–1960[10] 1900–1990[11]
1990–2000[12] 2010–2018[13]

2000 census

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At the 2000 census there were 134,953 people, 56,006 households, and 35,115 families in the county. The population density was 145 people per square mile (56 people/km2). There were 66,301 housing units at an average density of 71 per square mile (27/km2). The county's racial makeup was 95.02% White, 1.99% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.99% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.59% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. 1.69%.[14] were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.5% were of Italian, 16.4% Irish, 10.8% French, 10.3% English, 8.0% Polish, 7.1% German, 5.8% American and 5.1% French Canadian ancestry, 94.1% spoke English, 1.6% Spanish and 1.1% French as their first language.

Of the 56,006 households 27.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.00% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.30% were non-families. 31.60% of households were one person and 13.90% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.89.

The age distribution was 22.40% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 24.90% from 45 to 64, and 17.90% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.10 males.

The county's median household income was $39,047, and the median family income was $50,162. Males had a median income of $36,692 versus $26,504 for females. The county's per capita income was $21,807. About 6.50% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.30% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

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At the 2010 census, there were 131,219 people, 56,091 households, and 33,618 families in the county.[15] The population density was 141.6 inhabitants per square mile (54.7/km2). There were 68,508 housing units at an average density of 73.9 per square mile (28.5/km2).[16] The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 2.7% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.5% of the population.[15] The largest ancestry groups were:[17]

Of the 56,091 households, 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 40.1% were non-families, and 33.0% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age was 44.7 years.[15]

The median household income was $48,907 and the median family income was $64,783. Males had a median income of $47,401 versus $35,964 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,300. About 7.9% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.[18]

Demographic breakdown by town

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Income

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See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

The ranking of unincorporated communities included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[19][20][21]

Rank Town Per capita
income 		Median
household
income 		Median
family
income 		Population Number of
households
1 Tyringham Town $55,836 $94,375 $126,875 358 149
2 Richmond Town $51,808 $88,125 $94,423 1,671 702
3 Alford Town $49,272 $85,833 $102,750 501 232
4 Otis Town $44,085 $63,672 $70,547 1,248 571
5 Mount Washington Town $40,073 $68,750 $69,688 150 64
6 Williamstown Town $39,451 $72,743 $97,060 7,828 2,859
7 Egremont Town $39,236 $50,848 $66,500 1,043 529
8 Becket Town $37,233 $41,852 $62,823 1,775 790
Lenox CDP $37,192 $48,158 $62,569 1,349 782
9 Sheffield Town $36,640 $52,181 $75,000 3,255 1,464
10 New Ashford Town $35,676 $63,854 $75,750 225 109
11 West Stockbridge Town $35,092 $75,543 $97,784 1,573 640
12 Great Barrington Town $34,585 $48,561 $73,369 7,131 2,792
13 Cheshire Town $34,413 $56,597 $74,250 3,245 1,408
14 Lenox Town $33,405 $54,622 $74,844 5,013 2,084
Housatonic CDP $33,281 $28,837 $27,448 1,024 556
15 Windsor Town $33,234 $74,866 $99,091 902 321
16 Lanesborough Town $33,058 $66,071 $82,400 3,074 1,240
17 Washington Town $32,501 $69,286 $71,250 583 240
18 New Marlborough Town $32,451 $67,528 $68,750 1,499 591
19 Monterey Town $32,404 $42,083 $47,625 793 302
20 Stockbridge Town $31,821 $53,698 $69,038 1,755 765
Williamstown CDP $31,808 $46,622 $100,833 3,652 1,312
21 Sandisfield Town $31,746 $60,104 $69,706 985 381
22 Hinsdale Town $30,753 $62,596 $71,442 2,136 860
23 Hancock Town $29,851 $78,571 $79,911 713 254
Berkshire County County $29,387 $48,705 $64,393 131,221 55,793
Great Barrington CDP $28,282 $40,393 $66,500 2,464 1,021
24 Lee Town $28,270 $51,835 $67,407 5,932 2,486
25 Peru Town $28,080 $68,523 $72,344 863 337
26 Savoy Town $27,725 $58,068 $58,452 706 293
Lee CDP $27,549 $43,750 $70,417 1,843 874
27 Dalton Town $26,854 $52,285 $61,739 6,753 2,663
28 Pittsfield City $26,767 $44,513 $57,673 44,691 19,966
29 Florida Town $25,666 $46,458 $58,281 719 337
Adams CDP $25,096 $38,256 $46,554 5,367 2,508
30 Clarksburg Town $25,013 $54,095 $61,836 1,702 727
31 Adams Town $24,423 $39,080 $46,021 8,494 3,770
32 North Adams City $20,330 $36,424 $51,028 13,763 5,867
Cheshire CDP $14,088 $47,361 $56,125 610 209

Politics

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United States presidential election results for Berkshire County, Massachusetts[22]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 18,064 25.31% 51,705 72.44% 1,606 2.25%
2016 16,839 25.66% 43,714 66.62% 5,064 7.72%
2012 14,252 22.10% 48,843 75.74% 1,391 2.16%
2008 14,876 22.50% 49,558 74.94% 1,696 2.56%
2004 16,806 25.74% 47,743 73.12% 742 1.14%
2000 15,805 26.60% 37,934 63.85% 5,672 9.55%
1996 13,055 21.48% 39,338 64.73% 8,381 13.79%
1992 14,726 21.74% 36,857 54.40% 16,163 23.86%
1988 24,125 38.38% 38,208 60.78% 526 0.84%
1984 33,712 52.85% 29,745 46.63% 328 0.51%
1980 27,063 39.78% 29,458 43.30% 11,510 16.92%
1976 27,462 39.87% 39,337 57.12% 2,072 3.01%
1972 30,380 45.83% 35,391 53.39% 513 0.77%
1968 23,078 35.80% 38,497 59.72% 2,890 4.48%
1964 15,160 23.57% 48,839 75.92% 332 0.52%
1960 27,335 39.83% 41,132 59.93% 162 0.24%
1956 41,355 61.75% 25,361 37.87% 257 0.38%
1952 38,413 56.13% 29,785 43.52% 243 0.36%
1948 27,482 46.37% 30,668 51.75% 1,117 1.88%
1944 24,830 44.16% 31,212 55.51% 185 0.33%
1940 25,973 44.11% 32,620 55.40% 287 0.49%
1936 22,607 42.20% 29,087 54.30% 1,874 3.50%
1932 23,186 48.08% 23,252 48.22% 1,782 3.70%
1928 23,855 49.52% 24,075 49.98% 244 0.51%
1924 21,106 61.05% 9,712 28.09% 3,753 10.86%
1920 20,138 63.11% 10,956 34.33% 816 2.56%
1916 9,787 52.09% 8,357 44.48% 645 3.43%
1912 6,397 37.19% 6,211 36.10% 4,595 26.71%
1908 9,137 57.17% 5,903 36.94% 941 5.89%
1904 9,310 58.85% 5,800 36.66% 711 4.49%
1900 8,980 60.28% 5,461 36.66% 455 3.05%
1896 9,710 67.91% 3,913 27.37% 676 4.73%
1892 7,336 50.60% 6,697 46.19% 465 3.21%
1888 6,826 51.33% 6,070 45.64% 403 3.03%
1884 5,901 49.73% 5,519 46.51% 445 3.75%
1880 6,386 55.70% 5,034 43.91% 44 0.38%
1876 6,015 52.32% 5,478 47.65% 4 0.03%
1872 6,047 64.07% 3,391 35.93% 0 0.00%
1868 5,492 59.22% 3,782 40.78% 0 0.00%
1864 5,314 61.24% 3,363 38.76% 0 0.00%
1860 5,202 61.17% 2,865 33.69% 437 5.14%
1856 5,344 63.09% 2,749 32.46% 377 4.45%
1852 3,579 49.81% 2,973 41.38% 633 8.81%
1848 3,549 47.41% 2,387 31.89% 1,549 20.69%
1844 3,656 46.03% 3,885 48.92% 401 5.05%
1840 3,931 50.55% 3,780 48.60% 66 0.85%
1836 2,764 49.34% 2,838 50.66% 0 0.00%
1832 2,465 57.84% 1,612 37.82% 185 4.34%
1828 2,500 64.85% 1,355 35.15% 0 0.00%
1824 2,381 78.68% 645 21.32% 0 0.00%
1820 1,296 51.49% 1,221 48.51% 0 0.00%
1812 2,268 58.99% 1,577 41.01% 0 0.00%
1804 2,146 58.54% 1,520 41.46% 0 0.00%

In the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections, Berkshire County was Massachusetts's third-bluest county behind Suffolk County, which consists primarily of Boston, and Dukes County, home to Martha's Vineyard. In 2020, the county voted for Joe Biden by a 47.1% margin over Donald Trump, 72.4% to 25.3%.[23]

Voter registration

[edit]
Voter registration and party enrollment as of February 2024[24]
Unenrolled 60,723 62.78%
Democratic 28,158 29.11%
Republican 6,786 7.02%
Libertarian 394 0.41%
Other parties 656 0.68%
Total 96,717 100%

History

[edit]

The Mahican (Muh-he-ka-neew) Native American tribe lived in the area that now makes up Berkshire County until the early 18th century, when the first English settlers and frontiersmen appeared and began setting up farms and homesteads. On April 25, 1724, "The English finally paid the Indians 460 pounds, 3 barrels of cider, and 30 quarts of rum" for what is today southern Berkshire County.[25] This deal did not include modern Stockbridge, Richmond, and Lenox, or any northern towns. Berkshire County was the western part of Hampshire County until separated in 1761.

In the 19th century, Berkshire County became popular with the American elite, which built what they called "cottages" throughout the countryside. The Gilded Age ended in the early 20th century with the income tax, World War I, and the Great Depression. In the 20th century, some of these cottages were torn or burned down, while others became prep schools, historic sites, or bed-and-breakfast inns.

Today Berkshire is known throughout the East Coast and the country as the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood. It includes attractions such as the Clark Art Institute, Norman Rockwell Museum, Naumkeag, Mass MOCA, and Hancock Shaker Village.

Communities

[edit]
Map of Berkshire County

Cities

[edit]

Towns

[edit]

Census-designated places

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

County-wide bus service is provided by the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority. Amtrak train service and Peter Pan intercity bus service is provided at Pittsfield.[26][27]

Airports

[edit]

Major highways

[edit]

Notable residents

[edit]

Economy

[edit]

This county is the highest milk producer in the state.[28]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Cumulative Census of Peru, Massachusetts 1790-1920". Berkshire Genealogist. Vol. XXII. Berkshire Genealogical Society. 2001. p. 45. Some Berkshirites with children 'of parts unknown' left bequests to absent heirs...
  2. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Berkshire County, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Berkshire County History". Archived from the original on September 24, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Official Audit Report – Issued December 16, 2011 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – Berkshire Sheriff's Office As of January 5, 2011.
  6. ^ Northern Berkshire District Registry of Deeds Archived January 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Sec.state.ma.us. Retrieved on July 15, 2013.
  7. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  8. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  11. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  13. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  15. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  16. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  17. ^ "DP02 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  18. ^ "DP03 Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  19. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  20. ^ "ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  21. ^ "Households and Families 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  22. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  23. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". www.uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  24. ^ "The Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (PDF). Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. February 24, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  25. ^ David H. Wood, 'Lenox Massachusetts Shire Town', (For the town: Lenox, 1969), p. 5.
  26. ^ Pittsfield, MA Train Station Archived February 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Amtrak. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  27. ^ Pittsfield Archived August 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Peter Pan Bus Lines. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  28. ^ "Census of Agriculture - State and County Profiles - Berkshire County Massachusetts". USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
[edit]
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42°22′N 73°13′W / 42.37°N 73.21°W / 42.37; -73.21

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