Roman Abraham
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Roman Józef Abraham | |
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 Roman Abraham in 1938 | |
| Born | 28 February 1891 Lemberg, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 26 August 1976 (aged 85) Warsaw, Poland |
| Service | Austro-Hungarian Army Polish Army |
| Rank | Brigadier-General |
| Unit | Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade Polish Collective Cavalry Brigade |
| Commands | Commander, Cavalry Brigade |
| Battles / wars | World War I Polish–Ukrainian War Polish–Soviet War World War II Invasion of Poland Battle of the Bzura Siege of Warsaw |
| Awards | Order of Virtuti Militari Order of Polonia Restituta Cross of Independence with Swords Cross of Valour Golden Cross of Merit Wound Decoration Legion of Honour (France) Ordre des Palmes académiques (France) Order of the Star of Romania |
Roman Józef Abraham (28 February 1891 – 26 August 1976) was a Polish cavalry general, commander of the Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade during the German and Soviet Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and Battle of Bzura commander of Polish cavalry (combined cavalry unit). During the Second Polish Republic, he was Brigadier-General and, for a short period, from 1930 to 1931, Abraham was also a member of the Polish Parliament.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Abraham was born in Lwów, in what was then Austria-Hungary (later in Poland, now Lviv, Ukraine). He was the son of Władysław Abraham, professor of Canon law and rector of the University of Lwów. He studied at the Jesuit School in Chyrów in Bąkowice, graduating in 1910.[2] He then studied at the Faculty of Philosophy and Law at Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów, graduating in 1915.
Military service
[edit]World War I
[edit]During World War I he served from August 1914 to October 1918 in the Austro-Hungarian army in the 1st Regiment of Uhlans of National Defence, fighting on the French, Romanian, Russian, Serbian and Italian fronts, ending his service as a Lieutenant in the cavalry.[3]
Polish-Ukrainian War
[edit]At the end of World War I, he joined the Polish Military Cadres in Lwów. From 1 November 1918 in the reformed Polish Army in the rank of lieutenant, he was the commander of the Góra Strudenia sector in Lwów.
He created his own unit, later called "Straceńcami". The unit fought successfully in various defences of Lwów, in the defence of Persenkówka, and in Śródmieście.
The unit raised the Polish banner at the Lwów City Hall at dawn on 22 November, and on 24 November 1918 he was appointed the rank of Captain. However, his troops were accused of numerous robberies. An account, for instance, cited that the Galician unit he commanded allegedly plundered from peasants living in captured Ukrainian villages, hauling all that could be transported to Lwów.[1]
From January to August 1919 he commanded an independent battalion, regiment and Operational Group in the division of Colonel Władysław Sikorski. From August 1919, he was an officer in the operating department and an observer in the 59th Air Force Squadron. He also participated in Polish-Ukrainian battles around Przemyśl.[4][5]
Polish-Bolshevik War
[edit]In 1920, Abraham defended the city of Lwów during the Polish-Bolshevik War. He was wounded during the conflict but he continued performing his duties, commanding his unit whilst being carried on a stretcher.[6]
World War II
[edit]Abraham commanded the Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade of Army Group Poznan, under General Tadeusz Kutrzeba. From 1939 to 1945 he was a Prisoner of War in Oflag VII-A Murnau in Germany. A handwritten card sent by Abraham to his friend in Chicago from his prison has been preserved, and is currently part of the Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych's collection.[6]
Decorations
[edit]- Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross (1922)
- Cross of Merit, Gold Cross (1930, 1938, 1940)
- Polonia Restituta, Officer's Cross (1933)
- Cross of Independence with Swords (1933)
- Virtuti Militari, Golden Cross (1961)
- Polonia Restituta, Commander's Cross (1970)
- Cross of Valour 5 times
- Lwów Defence Cross
- Légion d'honneur, Knight's Cross (France)
References
[edit]- ^ a b Böhler, Jochen (2019). Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921: The Reconstruction of Poland. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 146, 186. ISBN 9780198794486.
- ^ "Sprawozdanie Zakładu Naukowo-Wychowawczego OO. Jezuitów w Bąkowicach pod Chyrowem za rok szkolny 1914/15 i 1915/16". Druk. J. Styfiego. 1916. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ Generałowie II Rzeczypospolitej s. 12
- ^ O kawalerii polskiej XX wieku s. 65
- ^ "Jeszcze z czasu zimowych walk pod Lwowem opowiadano w wojsku o oddziale rotmistrza Abrahama i innych, które – zdobywając ruską wieś – zabierały chłopom wszystko co dało się unieść lub wywieść do tego stopnia , że nawet brudną bieliznę ze strychów ładowano na sanie i wywożono do Lwowa." Jerzy Konrad Maciejewski "Na hajdamaków" – "Karta" 77/2013 str. 77
- ^ a b "Card sent from captivity by General Roman Abraham / wystawa_50 / Wystawy czasowe / Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych". www.cmjw.pl. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1891 births
- 1976 deaths
- Military personnel from Lviv
- Military personnel of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
- Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
- Association of the Polish Youth "Zet" members
- Polish generals of the Second Polish Republic
- Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
- Polish people of the Polish–Ukrainian War
- Polish people of the Polish–Soviet War
- Polish military personnel of World War II
- Polish prisoners of war
- World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
- Recipients of the Gold Cross of the Virtuti Militari
- Recipients of the Cross of Independence with Swords
- Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Knights of the Legion of Honour
- Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
- Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
- People associated with Chyrów
- Recipients of the commemorative badge Orlęta